A typical component of the immune system is immunological checkpoints. Their purpose is to stop an immune response from being so potent that it damages the body's healthy cells.
Immune checkpoints activate when partner proteins on other cells, such as some tumor cells, are recognized and bound by proteins on the surface of immune cells called T cells. These proteins are referred to as immune checkpoint molecules. The T cells receive an "off" signal when the checkpoint and partner proteins bind together. This may hinder the immune system's ability to eliminate the malignancy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are medications used in immunotherapy that prevent checkpoint proteins from interacting with their companion proteins. Because of this, the T cells are able to destroy cancer cells because the "off" signal is not sent.
List of Cancers who are Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
1. Breast cancer
2. Bladder cancer
3. Liver cancer
4. Lung cancer
5. Head and neck cancer
6. Stomach cancer
7. Renal cell cancer
8. Hodgkin lymphoma
9. Cervical cancer
10. Rectal cancer
11. Colon cancer
12. Any solid tumor that is not able to repair errors in its DNA that occur when the DNA is copied
13. Skin cancer, including melanoma
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Side Effects
Immune checkpoint inhibitor side effects can vary greatly from person to person. The adverse effects you may experience and how they affect you will depend on your pre-treatment health, the type of cancer you have, its stage, the immune checkpoint inhibitor you are using, and the dosage.
The occurrence of side effects, their severity, or when they will occur cannot be predicted with certainty by doctors or nurses. Therefore, it's critical to be aware of the warning signs and what to do when they materialize.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors frequently cause the following adverse effects:
1. Diarrhea
2. Fatigue
3. Rash
Widespread inflammation is one of the immune checkpoint inhibitors' less common adverse effects. Inflammation can result in any of the following outcomes depending on which body organ is impacted:
1. Symptoms of skin inflammation include skin changes, rashes, and itching; coughing and chest pains are signs of lung inflammation.
2. Diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort brought on by colon inflammation
3. Diabetes brought on by pancreatic inflammation
4. Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
5. Hypophysitis (inflammation of the pituitary gland)
6. Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
7. Nephritis (kidney inflammation), poor renal function, an overactive or underactive thyroid, and issues with the neurological system such as muscle weakness, numbness, and difficulty breathing
Other Serious Side Effects
Receiving these drugs may cause an infusion reaction in certain patients. This might cause symptoms similar to an allergic reaction, such as a fever, chills, facial flushing, rash, itchy skin, feeling lightheaded, wheezing, and breathing difficulties. It's critical to inform your doctor or nurse as soon as possible if you have any of these side effects while taking one of these medications.
Autoimmune responses: These medications take away one of the immune system's defenses by targeting a checkpoint protein. The kidneys, liver, lungs, intestines, liver, or other organs may suffer substantial or even catastrophic complications when the body's immune system reacts by attacking other tissues or organs.
Any new negative symptoms must be reported to a member of your healthcare team immediately. The therapy may need to be stopped if serious side effects do occur, and your immune system may be reduced with high doses of corticosteroids.
Clinical Oncology Case Reports is covering the immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Journal’s scope and we are publishing a number of articles related to this particular topic.
Clinical Oncology: Case Reports is a peer-reviewed international publication devoted to clinical and medical oncology and cancer research. A high-impact multidisciplinary journal with an emphasis on clinical and medical research is Clinical Oncology Case Reports (COCR).
For everyone with a keen interest in cancer therapy, reading Clinical Oncology: Case Reports Journal is vital. Because of its multidisciplinary approach, readers are kept informed of new advancements in both related and their own subjects. The Journal focuses on all forms of malignant disease and treatment, including systemic therapy, radiation, pathology, diagnostics, and therapy.
All cancer surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, gynecologic oncologists, and pediatric oncologists are welcome to submit case reports to Clinical Oncology: Case Reports Journal. The journal covers multi-dimensional research on cancer-related topics such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, tumor therapy, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, neoplasms, radiotherapy, biomarkers, carcinogenesis, and other topics.
Journal’s Highlight
1. Cancer Treatment
2. Chemotherapy
3. Cancer Epidemiology
4. Anti-Cancer Drug
5. Cellular Oncology
6. Carcinosarcoma
7. Immunotherapies
8. Radiation oncology
9. Tumor Immunity
10. Gastrointestinal Oncology
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